The argument that sexism and racism would cease to exist with the end of capitalism is just ludicrous.
I’ve been thinking about this a lot lately since I wrote this post, and it needs to be repeated. Patriarchy and white supremacy predate capitalism by a long shot. Let me break it down briefly.
For starters, where would women and queer folks be without the Bible? No, really. It’s amazing how much this hefty little book has managed to shape the politics of labor, reproduction and sexuality since the inception of the Church to this very day. Here’s a whole list of sexist and homophobic abominations as written in the Bible and enforced by the Church (which basically functioned as the State during the Middle Ages). These were later inscribed into normative Western “family values,” and eventually manipulated by capitalism. But all the witches burned and the homos shamed into seclusion can thank not just capitalism, but the cultural influence of the Bible, for Western constructs of gender and its violent limitations on women and queer people. (I would get into the influence of the Qur’an, Hindu texts or other Eastern religions, but I admit I’m not really qualified to do so.)
And even before the Bible, male domination was rampant among the earliest societies; the expansion of any empire, whether Egyptian, Roman, Gothic, etc. relied not on capitalism but on basic brute force in order to grow. Property was gained and maintained not by trade but by the means of war. This was done through a process of colonizing other lands, raping and enslaving people. (This method also facilitated the expansion of Christianity.) Which leads to my next point discussing the ways racism preceded capitalism.
The phenomenon of white supremacy reaches far back into the Classical period with Plato’s Republic, in which Plato argues in favor of racial purity and the exclusion of brown people from the ruling class. And again, in the Bible, the story of the Curse of Canaan served to justify the enslavement of black people for millenia; people of color were regarded as “cursed” and “blackened” as a consequence of Canaan’s sin. (Not to mention that the development of Christianity and the Roman Empire also led to the persecution of Jewish people, who spent the Middle Ages as nomads and were later relegated to ghettos.) Thanks to these attitudes, people of color and women were regarded as property in the West.
Now, the notion of property, which also predates capitalism, did contribute to certain elements of racist and sexist oppression throughout the ages— for example, through slavery or prostitution. But racism or sexism is not exclusively carried out by rendering oppressed people as property; you can’t say that “racism is over” because slavery is “over” in the United States (PS, it’s not), or that “sexism is over” because women can work and own their own property. To say racism and sexism rely on capitalism is to say it’s only about property relations. But oppression goes beyond who owns what/who; yes, it can control who owns what, but it doesn’t start nor end there. To oppress is to basically deny someone of their autonomy, whether institutionally or personally, by exclusion or by prejudiced violence. Such oppression is perpetuated in supposed “anti-capitalist” spaces because it’s not exclusive to capitalism to begin with. White supremacy and patriarchy are social structures that are bolstered by capitalism, but can also function without it.
Even if we made it impossible for anyone to own property, the cultural residue of racism and sexism accumulated over time would still remain, unless we actively challenge the social norms that uphold these prejudices. Even if we abolished the proletariat/bourgeois distinction by abolishing property, it wouldn’t naturally solve for social distinctions like white/POC, male/not-male, etc; these are certainly class distinctions, but of a different kind, which require more than a focus on property. We need to challenge how people exercise authority, not only in economic but in social settings. So, given the rich history of how racism and sexism have pervaded societies, nobody should ever, ever make the argument that racism and sexism wouldn’t exist without capitalism. It’s a lazy and simplistic analysis of how oppression functions.